Practical exercises on the subject "Ecology"

Task 1.
How to describe the relationship between biota and abiotic components in the ecosystem?
Answer:
The relationship between biota and abiotic components in the ecosystem is realized through environmental factors - and the components are non-living, inorganic nature, direct or indirect effect on living organisms. Among them




Task 2.
What are the limits of endurance species of living organisms? Give examples of organisms with different limits of endurance for various environmental factors.
Answer:
The existence of any organism or group depends on a combination of certain conditions. In 1840, Justus Liebig found that crop yields are often limited not by the batteries. That are required in large quantities, and those that require little. Liebig proved that endurance is determined by the weakest




Task 3.
What are the signs and characterize the properties of the population?

Answer:
The population is a component of the ecosystem functioning as a whole. The population has the properties inherent in both population and its constituent organisms, as well as the "Group properties"




Task 4.
What do you know communities and ecosystems that have more or less clear boundaries?

Answer:
I know less than the following communities and ecosystems that have more or less clear boundaries. Terrestrial ecosystems - is tundra, taiga, steppe, deserts, etc.




Task 5.
What kinds of animals and plants that occupy adjacent trophic levels and are in a single food chain.
Answer:
I know less than the following species of animals and plants that occupy adjacent trophic levels and are united in the food chain. Carnivorous plants - carnivorous plants, specially adapted for catching and


Task 6.
What are the reasons for slowing down the flow of energy as the distance from the primary producer?
Answer.
The reasons for slowing down the flow of energy as the distance from the primary producers are as follows: First of all it is connected with the first law of thermodynamics, the foundation of modern physics. Which states that the energy of the transition from one form (the sunlight is almost the only source of energy on Earth) to another (potential energy food for example), but it never created again and disappears. A second law of thermodynamics states all too, that there can be no process associated with the conversion of energy, without losing some of its parts. From the above it follows that the primary producers in the main plant will receive 100% of the energy from the sun through photosynthesis, spend some energy on his own life (growth, breathing, etc.)




Task 7.
What types of organisms play a major role in maintaining the nutrient cycle?
Answer:
Unlike energy biogenic elements can be used repeatedly. Stocks nutrients are unstable. The binding process




Task 8.

Which of today's anthropogenic factors have the greatest influence on the life of the biosphere? What is evident is the impact?
Answer:

Population growth and increasing the development of agriculture, industry, construction, transport, caused massive destruction of forests in Europe and North America. Grazing livestock on a large scale leads to the death of forests and grass cover, to the destruction of the soil cover. This modern anthropogenic factor as population growth, and hence growth of transport and industry.




Task 9.
What kind of work is done by the monitoring service environment?
Answer:
Environment Monitoring Service performs the following work: exercise control over compliance with MPD (maximum permissible discharge) and MPC (maximum permissible concentration) of pollutants.




Task 10.
What is the requirement is one of the most important principles of nature?
Answer:
The basic principles of environmental management - the study, protection, development and transformation. Nature as obj